First wild equids born through artificial insemination

Two Persian onager foals born at the Wilds are the first in the world to be produced by artificial insemination.

The two foals were born at the Wilds, which occupies nearly 10,000 acres in southeast Ohio, on June 28 and July 9.

They are the first wild equids of any species to be born using artificial insemination. One was produced using semen that had previously been frozen - another scientific first.

The births are the result of four years of work by a team of scientists, veterinarians, animal care specialists and interns from the Wilds and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute.

Scientists spent two years at the Wilds learning about the normal reproductive biology of onagers that, until now, had largely gone unstudied.

The project, led by Mandi Vick, a post-doctoral fellow at the Wilds and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Virginia, included developing non-invasive hormone monitoring to follow the normal reproductive cycles and semen cryopreservation (freezing) and storage - research essential to the successful breeding of the onagers.

"It is amazing when you take a step back and realise all of the hard work, enthusiasm and expertise that go into understanding the uniqueness of how each species reproduces and how scientific technologies can be applied to ensure sustainable populations," said Vick, now associate curator of research at the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo.

"This work demonstrates the power of science for improving our ability to manage and conserve not only Persian onagers, but also other species of endangered equids."

By the third year of the study, the team had the tools and information needed to attempt the artificial inseminations.

In July and August 2009, three females were inseminated with sperm collected from different males all living at the Wilds. The procedures were performed using specialised handling facilities.

The births occurred after gestation periods of 347 and 325 days.

The endangered Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager) is an Asiatic wild ass and a member of the Equidae (horse) family.

There are believed to be 600 to 700 onagers remaining in two protected areas in Iran, where the population is severely threatened by loss of desert habitat, poaching and competition with domestic livestock.

There are fewer than 30 onagers maintained in zoological institutions in all of North America and fewer than 100 in institutions worldwide.

The current population is not self-sustaining and there is an urgent need to establish a healthy population of onagers as a hedge against extinction, and eventually, perhaps a resource for future reintroduction.

The work by the Wilds and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute is part of their collaboration with the Conservation Centres for Species Survival (C2S2), a group of large conservation facilities in North America dedicated to co-operative breeding and research for the advancement of species conservation.

Established in 2005, C2S2 applies its unique resources for the survival of species with special needs; especially those requiring large living areas, natural group sizes, minimal public disturbance and scientific research.

The Wilds and the institute are founding members of C2S2, along with Fossil Rim Wildlife Centre, White Oak Conservation Centre, and San Diego Zoo's Wild Animal Park.

With the birth of the two new foals, there are now 17 Persian onagers at the Wilds.

The first arrived in 1997 and 14 foals have since been born there.

Onagers, as well as more than 25 other rare and endangered species from Africa, Asia and North America, can be seen there during safari tours from June to August and on weekends in May, September and October.

The Wilds is one of the largest conservation centres in North America.